7th Grade Chapter 4 Test

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True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

New England farms were larger than those in the Middle Colonies.

New York and Pennsylvania farmers grew cash crops.

Most of the German immigrants who came to America during the colonial period settled in what is now New York.

South Carolina and Georgia had the fastest growing economies in the colonies because of their large tobacco plantations.

In the Southern Colonies, backcountry settlers had small farms.

To make money from trade, England needed to export more goods than it imported.

Unmarried women in the colonies could not run businesses and own property.

The first public education law was passed in Pennsylvania.

The French and Indian War was between France and Native Americans.

10.

Use of enslaved workers increased in colonies where hard labor was required on large farms.

11.

The Navigation Acts angered the colonists because they restricted trade.

12.

All free men could vote for colonial legislators.

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

13.

The type of farming practiced in New England was

a.	subsistence.	c.	cash crop.
b.	Tidewater.	d.	backwater.

14.

The type of farming practiced in New York was

a.	Tidewater.	c.	subsistence.
b.	cash crop.	d.	backwater.

15.

The most profitable cash crop in South Carolina and Georgia was

a.	corn.	c.	rice.
b.	lumber.	d.	tobacco.

16.

How did England view its North American colonies?

a.	as an economic drain	c.	as an economic resource
b.	as a land of savages	d.	as a place to put criminals

17.

Who exemplified the Enlightenment?

a.	George Whitefield	c.	Jonathan Edwards
b.	George Washington	d.	Benjamin Franklin

18.

A group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies is called

a.	a militia.	c.	a confederacy.
b.	an army.	d.	a commando.

19.

What proposal sought to unite the American colonies against the French?

a.	Albany Plan of Union	c.	United States Constitution
b.	Confederacy of England	d.	Bill of Rights

20.

The Seven Years' War was a war between

a.	Spain and Britain.	c.	France and Native Americans.
b.	France and Spain.	d.	France and Britain.

21.

Which leader recognized that British settlers threatened the Native Americans' way of life?

a.	Buick	c.	Pontiac
b.	Detroit	d.	Ottawa

22.

The religious revival that swept through the colonies was called the

a.	Enlightenment.	c.	Great Awakening.
b.	Great Migration.	d.	Catholic Revolution.

23.

The type of farming practiced in New England was

a.	subsistence.	c.	organic.
b.	Tidewater.	d.	cash crop.

24.

The hub of the shipping trade in North America was in

a.	the Ohio River valley.	c.	North Carolina.
b.	New England.	d.	South Carolina.

25.

Labor for the Southern rice fields was provided by

a.	enslaved Africans.	c.	children.
b.	paid workers.	d.	tenants.

26.

In the Southern Colonies, the region of small farms was called the

a.	Tidewater.	c.	mountainous region.
b.	backcountry.	d.	coastal area.

27.

What theory holds that a nation's power depended on expanding its trade?

a.	mercantilism	c.	gold reserve
b.	trade	d.	expansion

28.

What plan called for one general government for all the American colonies?

a.	Iroquois Confederacy	c.	Bill of Rights
b.	Albany Plan of Union	d.	United States Constitution

29.

What British commander was sent to conquer the French in the Ohio Valley?

a.	Jonathan Edwards	c.	George Washington
b.	George Whitefield	d.	Edward Braddock

30.

The Treaty of Paris marked the end of power in North America for

a.	Britain.	c.	France.
b.	Canada.	d.	Spain.

31.

Which man changed Britain's fortune in the war with France?

a.	Edward Braddock	c.	Benjamin Franklin
b.	George Washington	d.	William Pitt

32.

The leg of the triangular trade route in which enslaved Africans were shipped to the West Indies was known as the

a.	Tidewater.	c.	First Leg.
b.	Slave Code.	d.	Middle Passage.

” . . . I found some black people about me, and I believe some were those who had brought me on board and had been receiving their pay. . . . I asked them if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces, and long hair.”

–Olaudah Equiano, 11-year-old kidnapped from his home in what is now

Nigeria and brought to America as an enslaved person, on his first day on the slave ship

33.

Who were the people Equiano mentions that “had been receiving their pay”?

a.	Africans who were paid as guards on the slave ships
b.	plantation overseers who had come to Africa to help find slaves
c.	slave traders who had gone to Africa and now were returning to America
d.	Africans who had sold other Africans to slave traders

“I was soon put down under the decks. . . . The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. . . . The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying rendered [made] the whole a scene of horror.”

–Olaudah Equiano

34.

This passage by a young African forced by slave traders to take the journey from Africa to the West Indies describes the conditions _____.

a.	of triangular trade	c.	on the Middle Passage
b.	in the Tidewater	d.	on sugar plantations

“Our German Society have in this place now established a lucrative trade in woolen and linen goods, together with a large assortment of other useful and necessary articles, and have entrusted this extensive business to my own direction. Besides this they have now purchased and hold over 30,000 acres of land, for the sake of establishing an entirely German colony. In my newly laid out Germantown there are already sixty-four families in a very prosperous condition. Such persons, therefore, and all those who still arrive, have to fall to work and swing the axe most vigorously; for wherever you turn the cry is, Itur in antiquam sylvam [Let us go through the primeval forest], nothing but endless forests.”

35.

According to this excerpt from a letter in 1700, how are the settlers of Germantown proceeding to set up their colony?

a.	They are starting businesses and working hard to clear the forest.
b.	They have built a fort and are awaiting supplies to arrive.
c.	They are trading profitably with the Native Americans near them.
d.	They have started a strict religious community and built a cathedral.

“. . . TO ALL FREE MEN OF OUR KINGDOM we have also granted, for us and our heirs for ever, all the liberties written out below, to have and to keep for them and their heirs, of us and our heirs: . . .”

–King John, the Magna Carta, 1215

36.

When England’s King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta, it established the principle of _____ the power of government.

a.	expanding	c.	legitimizing
b.	accepting	d.	limiting

“If we unite in one band, the Great Spirit will smile upon us and we shall be free, prosperous and happy. But if we shall remain as we are, we shall incur his displeasure. We shall be enslaved, and perhaps annihilated forever.”

–from the Iroquois League founding document

37.

Did all members of the Iroquois League freely choose to be part of the alliance?

a.	yes, it was always an appealing alliance for groups to join
b.	not always, conquered peoples did not have a choice
c.	no, the League members voted on prospective members
d.	yes, the League only wanted members who joined by their own choice

“If you are French . . . join us. If you are English, we declare war against you. Let us have your answer.”

–Chief Pontiac, 1763

38.

Why did Pontiac declare war on the English?

a.	The Treaty of Paris gave the British settlers unfair trading advantages.
b.	He felt that British settlers threatened the Native American way of life.
c.	French traders had been attacked unfairly by British soldiers.
d.	He decided to join with the French in an alliance against the British.

39.

Based on the Trianglular Trade Routes map, what besides enslaved people was imported to the New World from Africa?

a.	iron, tools	c.	enslaved persons
b.	gold, pepper	d.	rice, tobacco

40.

Pick the best title for the map from the choices below.

a.	National Origins of Colonists	c.	European Settlement Patterns
b.	The Great Awakening	d.	Triangular Trade Routes

41.

What power claimed the northernmost territory in North America in 1754?

a.	Britain	c.	France
b.	Spain	d.	Portugal

42.

Based on the chart, which of the following was not a cause of the slave trade?

a.	heavy European demand for rice and tobacco
b.	increase in religious tolerance
c.	colonists depend on cash crops
d.	cash crops require large labor force

43.

Based on the map of the French and Indian War, which of the following statements is true?

a.	The British never lost a battle.	c.	The British won battles in the North.
b.	The French won every battle.	d.	The French won battles in the East.

44.

Based on the map title, in what year did the French and Indian War end?

a.	1754	c.	1776
b.	1763	d.	1777

45.

Based on the graph, which period saw the greatest increase in colonial population?

a.	1610–1640	c.	1700–1720
b.	1610–1670	d.	1730–1740

46.

Based on the graph, in what year was the population of the colonies about 325,000?

a.	1720	c.	1700
b.	1710	d.	1695

47.

Based on the chart, how many years elapsed between the end of Queen Anne’s War and the beginning of King George’s War?

Colonial Expansion
War	Years	Causes
King William’s War	1689-1697	French and Native American allies attacked the English and the colonists.
Queen Anne’s War	1702-1713	French and Native Americans attacked New England Colonies.
King George’s War	1744-1748	French and British fought in New England.

a.	31	c.	41
b.	39	d.	44

48.

Based on the diagram, which group of people was at the top of the colonial social structure?

a.	shopkeepers	c.	craft workers
b.	indentured servants	d.	ship owners

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	William Pitt	d.	Tidewater
b.	Harvard	e.	slave codes
c.	Edward Braddock

49.

region of large Southern plantations

50.

laws that governed slaves

51.

first college in the United States

52.

British commander in North America

53.

oversaw the war effort from London

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	Iroquois Confederacy	d.	rice
b.	Jeffrey Amherst	e.	Proclamation of 1763
c.	Pontiac

54.

main cash crop in Georgia

55.

powerful group of Native Americans

56.

British commander

57.

halted westward expansion

58.

Ottawa chief

Short Answer

Occupation	Activity
gabeler	tax collector
fear-nothing maker	a weaver of a special kind of thick, woolen cloth known as fear-nought
kneller	chimney sweep
tabler	boardinghouse operator
maid	female domestic servant
accountant	bookkeeper
cartwheeler	person who made cart wheels
notary	person officially authorized to attest to official documents

59.

	How many of these occupations were involved with the manufacturing of actual products? Which ones?

60.

	How many of these occupations no longer exist today in everyday life?

61.

	Which occupation names do we use today for the same activity?

62.

	How many of these occupations were only held by women? Which ones?

“Viewed and considered as a settlement, Virginia is far from being arrived at that degree of perfection which it is capable of. Not a tenth of the land is yet cultivated: and that which is cultivated, is far from being so in the most advantageous manner. It produces, however, considerable quantities of grain and cattle, and fruit of many kinds. The Virginian pork is said to be superior in flavour to any in the world, but the sheep and horned cattle being small and lean, the meat of them is inferior to that of Great Britain, or indeed, of most parts of Europe. The horses are fleet and beautiful; and the gentlemen of Virginia, who are exceedingly fond of horse-racing, have spared no expense or trouble to improve the breed. . . .”

–Andrew Burnaby, 1759

63.

	What is this young English traveler’s opinion of what he finds in Virginia?

64.

African Slave Trade 1450-1870
Destination	Total
British America/United States	427,000
Mexico and Central America	224,000
West Indies	4,040,000
Spanish South America	522,000
Guianas	531,000
Brazil	3,647,000
Europe	175,000

	From the information provided with the map of the Triangular Trade Routes, state the location that received the most slaves in the period 1450–1870.

Essay

65.

How did the Navigation Acts affect the colonists?

66.

Why were the Native Americans so important in the clash between the French and British? Who had the advantage with the Native Americans and why?

67.

What were the three types of colonies? Describe one type.

68.

What was the triangular trade?

69.

Why did the Middle Colonies have more tolerance for religious and cultural differences than the New England Colonies did?